After testing $42,000 in lead spend last year across 9 channels, here is what actually closed loans and what was a waste.
Works: (1) Past client database + referral loop. 38% of my closings. Cost: $400/year on a CRM that does birthday/anniversary/rate-drop alerts automatically. ROI: infinite. If you are not emailing and texting your past clients monthly, you are leaving most of your business on the table.
Works: (2) Real estate agent partnerships (but only the deep ones). 34% of closings from 4 agents. I work a quality-over-quantity model: 4 agents closing 30+ homes/year each, I run their buyer pre-approvals same-day and provide weekly pipeline reports. Do NOT try to "add 50 agents" — it dilutes your time and none of them send deals.
Works: (3) YouTube + long-form content. 14% of closings but highest-quality leads. I post 1 video/week answering a specific question ("how DSCR appraisals work," "FHA 203k draw schedule"). Leads come in already educated and pre-sold. Slow build (18 months to meaningful traction) but compounding.
Did NOT work: (1) Zillow premier lender. $2,100/month, 3 closings in a year. Lead quality is a race to the bottom on rate.
Did NOT work: (2) Purchased internet leads (LendingTree, Bankrate). $30-60/lead, 1-2% close rate, average 7 other MLOs already called. Burned $6k before I quit.
Did NOT work: (3) Paid Facebook lead gen without a funnel. Paying per lead with no follow-up automation is lighting money on fire. Works only if you have a 7-touch nurture sequence + calendar booking. Otherwise skip it.